LAD #37: Brown v. Board of Education

Separate but equal was considered constitutional with the Plessy vs. Ferguson case, although this was brought to question with the Brown v. Board of Education. Linda Brown, a black school girl, was forced to walk three miles to get to her designed school in Kansas; however there was a white school located 7 miles from her house. Linda was not able to attend the closer to school due to her race. Linda Brown's parents proposed that it was wrong for their child to be segregated in this manner. The school board said that they were being realistic and told her parents that Linda should get used to segregation as she gets older. The case made its way to the supreme court where it was decided that it was unconstitutional with the fourteen amendment of equal rights in mind. However, this was only the beginning of a battle for equal treatment that African Americans faced.

LAD #36: Truman Doctrine

The Cold War was the first to have a political impact, the United States and Soviet Union would precipitate in idealogical battle. President Harry Truman first addresses this conflict in his doctrine which talked about Greece. Allied troops forced the Germany military out of Greece after the war ended leaving it in ruin. Soviet troops prevented reconstruction due to hostilities along the northern Greek border.  Great Britain and the United Nations did little to help Greece so the United States needed to step in with supplies that would equip the Greek army. Truman also acknowledged that the United States needed to help modernization in Turkey. Other countries help in assisting Turkey, th United States would be the fulfilling its role as a promoter of democratic freedom as well as becoming the protector of the free world against the spread of Communism. Truman asked Congress to send a small military force and $750 million to help with reconstruction and modernization in Turkey and Greece.

LAD #35: FDR's Executive Order #9066

In FDR's executive order, the power to declare specific areas as military locations was given to the Secretary of War. This was necessary to prevent corruption in the US and foreign espionage during this time of war. The order stated that all non military people will not be allowed in these areas, and that the Secretary of War has the responsibility of proving necessities (transportation, shelter, food, and water). The military districts eventually led to the creation of Japanese interment camps. FDR stressed the need for citizens to remain loyal.

LAD #34: FDR's Declaration of War

When asking for a declaration of war of Japan Franklin Roosevelt said the famous words "December 7th, 1941...a date which shall live infamy". He states that the Japanese used a surprise attack that was purposefully aimed at the Americans, America was at a time of peace with Japan and was planning on continuing this. The ambassadors or Japanese letter ever indicated that any time of war or attack. The attack must also have planned due to the distance between the United States and Japan. FDR also acknowledges that other ships just outside Hawaii have been attack, and pushes the fact that the attack was planned and meant to be a surprise; the United States needed to go to war.

LAD #33: FDR's First Inaugural Address

His speech begins by outlining the issue that the public of America is facing, these include unemployment, and lack of circulation of currency by credit through America. FDR explains that these issues come from materialistic performed by the "The money changers" who "have fled from their high seats in the temple of our civilization". The ways of President

HardingCoolidgeHoover were too concentrated with economic and fiscal ways of the time, the social benefits need to be restore in order to restore the happiness of society. The speech rights with an aura of an almost deity of looking down to the people straying from the ways in which the government created a pathway to greatness. He states that America needs to make its way from a monetary society to an honest day of work. Roosevelt outlined a series of projects and programs that were designed to directly stimulate people with ethical regeneration as opposed to fiscal this-quenching. Outlining these programs with conserving and using the nation's natural resources, devoting men to work, and preventing a future crisis. He knew that his leadership would puss the limits of prior authority but he asked for popular support and the use of the elasticity of the Constitution as justification. FDR stated that his foal was to support and protect the ideal of American democracy.

LAD #32: Kellogg Briand Peace Pact

The Kellogg Briand Peace Pact in 1928 was passed by Secretary of State Frank Kellogg, President Calvin Coolidge and the French foreign minister Briand.  This claimed that war was a outdated and inhumane act that should not be used in foreign policy, only for defensive purposes. The pact had three parts, the first said that war could not be used to resolve conflicts between two or more countries. The second states that all conflicts must be resolved with the use of diplomacy, and the third claimed that additional countries who wished to join could. The agreement was too idealistic and unrealistic thus it was not heard around the world. Other than this attempt to to make peace among nations, Coolidge's presidency was uneventful.

LAD #31 Fourteen Points

Wilson response to the defeats that the Allied Powers experienced after Russia left the Eastern Front. He declares that the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was cowardly, as it gave the Russians the power to leave Britain and France to fight on the western fronts, while they made peace with the Central Powers. Wilson questions why Russia would agree to  treaty that allows the belligerents to keep hold of all occupied territory. He infers that this does not justify the protection of the Russian public and advocacy of democracy. Arguing that the event is a misrepresentation of peace for the old only know of it from Russians and German perspectives and relations. Due to the uncertainty of the preservation of global democracy Wilson declares that the US must take part in the war and ensure that the protection of the citizens of the world. Wilson pints to the future allowance of democracy and that it calls for an end to economic barriers, colonialism and imperialistic ideals, and others. This was the proposition for a League of Nations.

LAD #30 Schenck v US

Charles Schenck, an american socialist was giving out flyers telling men to avoid enlisting in the Great War. He believed that the draft was unconstitional for it violated the 13th amendment because it enforced “involuntary servitude” and due to the fact the war was motivated by “capitalist greed”. Schenck was arrested and charged with violating the new Espionage Act, claiming he was trying to incite insubordination in the military and naval forces. He appealed to the supreme court stating that the act when against the 1st amendment however  Justice Oliver Wendell Homes disagreed. He wrote a pioneering piton that claimed that an inducible’s Freedom of Speech was not guaranteed when the speech would cause “clear and present danger”, which in his opinion Schenck did. The Supreme Court vote was unanimously against Schneck although the ruling has since been overturned.

LAD #29: Keating-Owen Child Labor Act

The Keating-Owen Child Labor Act dint allow the sales of goods that were produced by children across the Sate border, it also limited the number of hours that a child could work. According to a Census near the beginning of the 20th century, about 2 million boys and girls ranging for small children to teens were working in America.  Lewis Hines took picture of children working in hopes to get the hours out to the pubic. With eh statistics and the pictures the Muckrakers were driven to end child labor. This act banned the sale of products form any mine, shop, cannery, or factory that mistreated children with long hours, outrageous times, and simply too young to work. Congress eventually passed the act which was enforced by Woodrow Wilson. In the Supreme Court case of Hammer v Dagenhart the act was found to be unconstitutional. It wasn't until theFair Standards Act of 1938, that an effect labor act came about (still enforced today). 

LAD #28: Wilson's First Inaugural Address

President Woodrow Wilson emphasizes the change that has occurred in the government. the government has been consumed by democrats, and although a previously underrepresented party going power; this did not mean that it would be coupled with a transition of ideals. The Democrats showed aspects of thing that were familiar and yet reinvigorated by new perspective. Wilson continues by praising the morally strong and listing the problems that needed to be addressed in his term. this included the need to get natural resources while being in the middle of a hostile competition in industry. This led to a chaos in the corporate sector, justice needed to be the new goal in government. The tariff violets the principles of taxation, a banking system was poor at adjusting to the changes of the time, industrial systems don't have there rights of labor and natural resources their top priority and the farmers haven't received the benefits of having a big business. The government was instrument of justice that would bring equity to social classes and other ares in which had been wronged. Wilson closes by asking for the help of humanity and not the party.

LAD #27: Clayton Anti-Trust Act

President Woodrow Wilson's administration passed the Clayton Anti-Trust Act in 1914. It was timed to prevent businesses from unlawfully controlling prices of goods and for  the eliminations of unlawful businesses.  A business could no longer discriminate based on "grade, quality or quantity" of the good sold or when they content to create a monopoly. This was only allowed when it was for competition among businesses. Granting rebates and other malpractices in order to eliminate competitors or decrease the value of the price from another company in hoes to create a monopoly is illegal. The act also outlaws the consolidation of companies for the purpose of lessening or eliminating competition that would lead to a monopoly in any line of commerce.

LAD #26 MLK's "I Have a Dream" Speech

During the March on Washington Matin Luther King Jr delivers his most powerful speech, "I have a Dream". dr. King beings his speech by talking about the accomplishments of Lincoln. "Four score d 5 years ago" President Lincoln passed the Emancipation Proclamation and yet African American are still not free, "languished in the corner of society" as they live in poverty and segregation. He goes back to the Founding Fathers has they have not delivered on the promised made in theDeclaration of Independence and the Constitution for African Americans are denied their rights. Now is the time to stop taking "tranquilizing drug of gradualism" but the time to "make real promises of Democracy". Dr. King states that its time African Americans become equal. He them emphasizes that their protest will not "degenerate into physical violence". Now is the time they will not look back,  they will not stop until they are equal. He then acknowledged the people before him and all they have done. Its after this that he declares his famous dream, that one day the Unites states will uphold the ideas written in the constitution, a dream where men come together, where children "will not be judged by the color of their skins but the content of their character". With this dream as their faith they can soon stand together with white by their sides. When this happens, when freedom rings, all people Black, White, Jewish, Catholic or Protestant will be able to say "Free at last".

LAD #25 Dawes Severalty Act

The confutation of making and populating Indian Reservations was passed as Dawes Severalty Act in February 1887. Land was set aside for reservations where families could "own" land but it was still under the control of the US government. The alan was split among a family, a quarter to the head of the family, an eight to the people over 18 and a sixteenth to the people under 18 that were born before the act was passed. There were benefits to the land owners like extra grazing land. Lines were drawn out to eliminate conflict about how much land they received vs how much land they were promised. Indians could still acquire land if they applied to the local land office. Patents were handed out to ensure Indians owned that land for 25 years. The Secretary of Interior regulate the extensions; selling and purchasing of the land. Religious organizations in the region were given 160 aeries of land. Citizenship is offered to Indians who applied the act. This doesn't apply to Indians displaced under Jackson's administration along with Seneca Nation. The act does not include protection of the land being covered in railroads, telegraph lines and other public uses.

LAD #24 Cross of Gold

William Jennings Bryan combines his platform of Populist Party and bimetallism in his speech to the Democratic Convention. The Silver Democrats were there to discuss and public their issues to the common man, Bryan also explained the issue of money and how much of an impact it has. The Republicans were hostile but the Democrats weren't as hostile and he began to defend the Democrats and their stances.Bryan claims that because the use of gold the common man was being hurt and pushed aside, this was the Republicans stance. Bryan stressed tat everyman deserved equal protection under the law because everyman contributes equally to the nation. Bryan compares himself to Jackson  and explains how banks are part of the government and not just a private business. Bryan then attacks the Republican Platform and how it contained many holes and unanswered promises. Bryan finally concludes with explaining his platform of Democratic and Populist ideas.

LAD #23 Populist Party Platform

Populist Party's  platform was a preamble to gain appeal from the people and condemn the slums called cities. Populists represent the common man and their goal was to protect him. The most powerful tool the workers had was blocked by businessmen which is why populists stepped in. Populist voiced their opine that silver should be used in currency which was currently restricted by the government to keep the wealthy wealthy. Agriculture produced billions of money but the current system prevented this process of silver. Workers began to rely on a type of currency that was not recognizable by the government. The platform stated that the government should own and operate infrastructure.  The Populists felt that land shouldn't be monopolized by foreigners for business speculation but for rightful owners to be used to create wealth. their main stance was to help the common man.

LAD #22 McKinley's War Message

McKinley starts out focusing on the conflict between Cuba and Spain. He claims that American needed to intervene for many reasons but the most important that war would hurt American businesses in Cuba. McKinley's speech was the min cause of the Spanish American War. In his speech to Congress he states that the conflicts had spread to America and were hurting businesses and scaring people. He continues to say that he believes there are many ways to resolve this issue but without intervention from America. He leaves it up to Congress to decide but mentions a possible negotiator idea. McKinley's had four many reasons to go to war with Cuba. They were, the conflict is taking place right outside American territory, citizens of Cuba deserve peace, war harmed American trade, a mysterious tragedy took place within the region of the war. Continuing on with his speech he asks Congress to let him use force to cease the are and set up a government after saying that the war needed to be stopped. McKinley ends his speech by saying he hopes that there will be a solution but its up to Congress now.